Drones provide spatial and volumetric data to deliver new insights into microclimate modelling

Abstract Context Microclimate (fine-scale temperature variability within metres of Earth’s surface) is highly influential on terrestrial organisms’ ability to survive and function. Understanding how such local climatic conditions vary challenging measure at adequate spatio-temporal resolution. models provide the means address this limitation, but require as inputs, measurements, or estimations multiple environmental variables that describe vegetation terrain variation. Objectives To key components microclimate their associated parameters. explore potential drones scale relevant data Methods We explain drone-mounted sensors can in context alternative remote sensing products. examples direct micro-meteorological measurements be made with drones. show drone-derived incorporated into 3-dimensional radiative transfer models, by providing a realistic representation landscape which model interaction solar energy vegetation. Results found for some parameters (i.e. topography canopy height), capture processing techniques are already established, enabling production suitable models. For other leaf size, still novel promise. most parameters, combining spatial characterization from drone ancillary lab field studies will productive way create inputs scales. Conclusions Drones an exciting opportunity quantify structure heterogeneity fine resolution turn scale-appropriate deliver new insights.